FEVER is perhaps the most ancient and widely known hallmark of disease. For much of history, the word "fever" has been used almost synonymously with disease itself as various epidemics have ravaged the civilizations of East and West alike. Although fever was often noted to be associated clinically with inflammation, the earliest experiments to prove this relation were carried out about 100 years ago by Billroth and his pupil, Frese, who injected filtrates of pus into various animals and observed them for changes in body temperature. Although fever did develop in several animals, the results of these experiments were inconclusive, . . .