Evaluation of a New Prestorage Leukoreduction Filter for Red Blood Cell Units

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prestorage leukoreduction offers a variety of potential benefits and is becoming more commonly practiced. The LeukoNet prestorage leukoreduction filtration system is intended for leukoreduction of red blood cells and uses a vent to allow automatic drainage of red cells from the filter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the functional characteristics and the in-vivo and in-vitro properties of leukoreduced AS-1 Red Blood Cells prepared with this new system. Units of AS-1 Red Blood Cells were filtered at 4 degrees C through the LeukoNet filter 24-48 h after collection and stored under usual conditions for 42 days. Residual leukocytes were enumerated using a Nageotte chamber or with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. In the clinical trial (phase one), 21 donors had units stored with and without leukoreduction for 42 days; biochemical assays were done before and after storage, and 51Cr/99mTc red cell recovery studies at the end of the storage period. RESULTS: Leukocyte content after filtration was 3.2 +/- 2.6 x 10(4)/unit (n = 21), and all units had < 1 x 10(5) leukocytes (median: 3.8 x 10(4)). In-vivo paired studies showed no difference in 24-hour recovery (control: 82.1 +/- 5.8%; test: 82.9 +/- 6.0%). Hemolysis was halved with leuko-reduction (0.59 +/- 0.30 vs. 0.29 +/- 0.11%; p < 0.05), and glucose consumption was reduced by 5% compared to control units (p = < 0.05). Other biochemical parameters showed no differences. In the practical trial (phase two), filtration time was 41 +/- 23 min. With a residual leukocyte content of 6.6 +/- 4.9 x 10(4)/unit and 14 +/- 3% red cell loss (n = 84). Six additional units underwent leukocyte enumeration by PCR and had 2.6 +/- 1.1 x 10(4) residual leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions studied, the LeukoNet leukoreduction filtration system produces about 4-5 log10 leukocyte content reduction.