Introducing linguistic politeness

CHARACTERISING POLITE BEHAVIOUR Most of us are fairly sure we know what we mean when we describe someone's behaviour as ‘polite’. To define the criteria with which we apply that description, however, is not quite as easy as we might think. When people are asked what they imagine polite behaviour to be, there is a surprising amount of disagreement. In an effort to find some kind of consensus we may of course take refuge in very general statements, but our usual way out of the dilemma is to resort to giving examples of behaviour which we, personally, would consider ‘polite’. We might make statements like ‘He always shows a lot of respect towards his superiors’, or ‘She's always very helpful and obliging’, or ‘She speaks really well’, or ‘He always opens doors for the ladies or helps them on with their coats’, etc. Some people feel that polite behaviour is equivalent to socially ‘correct’ or appropriate behaviour; others consider it to be the hallmark of the cultivated man or woman. Some might characterise a polite person as always being considerate towards other people; others might suggest that a polite person is self-effacing. There are even people who classify polite behaviour negatively, characterising it with such terms as ‘standoffish’, ‘haughty’, ‘insincere’, etc. Moving from evaluations of polite behaviour in general to the more specific case of polite language usage, i.e. ‘polite’ language, we encounter the same types of problem.