Analyzing the Impact of Dietary Patterns on the Gut Microbiota – Inflammation Axis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The close relationship between the intestinal microbiota and chronic inflammation is well recognized. This relationship can regulate the inflammatory response through a variety of mediators or metabolites and is considered a key factor in metabolic disorders. Several clinical studies have confirmed that some dietary patterns can affect the intestinal microbiota, thereby improving metabolic indicators. However, the ways in which those dietary pattern interventions affect the "gut microbiota - inflammation" axis has not been fully clarified. This review summarizes the findings of all the currently available clinical trials and animal experiments in which interventions involving human dietary patterns or distinct dietary combinations have been used in type 2 diabetes to elucidate their effects on the intestinal microbiota (including the structure of the microbiota or intestinal microbiota metabolism), inflammation-related indicators, and disease status. From the perspective of the "gut microbiota - inflammation" axis, this review clarifies some common mechanisms through which various dietary patterns exert their effects and synthesizes conclusions, thereby providing more reasonable and precise dietary recommendations for clinical patients.