Circularly polarized luminescent nanoparticles: preparation, performance and applications

), quantum yield, and circularly polarized luminescence brightness (B-CPL) are examined, alongside the influence of nanoparticle size, morphology, and environmental factors on CPL efficiency. The review also introduces emerging applications in optical displays, stimuli-responsive sensing, multilevel data encryption, and bioimaging, underscoring the role of CPL nanoparticles in developing next-generation photonic and optoelectronic devices. Finally, current challenges and future directions for enhancing CPL performance and practical applicability are discussed.