The influence of zinc levels on osteoarthritis: A comprehensive review

Osteoarthritis (OA), a disease with a multifactorial aetiology and an enigmatic root cause, affects the quality of life of many elderly patients. Even though there are certain medications utilised to reduce the symptomatic effects, a reliable treatment method to reverse the disease is yet to be discovered. Zinc is a cofactor of over 3000 proteins and is the only metal found in all six classes of enzymes. We explored zinc’s effect on the immune system and the bones as OA affects both. We also discussed zinc-dependent enzymes, highlighting their significant role in the disease’s pathogenesis. It is important to note that both excessive and deficient zinc levels can negatively affect bone health and immune function, thereby exacerbating OA. The purpose of this review is to offer a better understanding of zinc’s impact on OA pathogenesis and to provide clarity regarding its beneficial and detrimental outcomes. We searched thoroughly systematic reviews, meta-analysis, review articles, research articles and randomised controlled trials to ensure a comprehensive review. In brief, using zinc supplementation in the treatment of OA may act as a doubled-edged sword, offering potential benefits but also posing risks.