Redox dyshomeostasis modulation of the tumor intracellular environment through a metabolic intervention strategy for enhanced photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved anticancer treatment with a promising therapeutic prospect, however, usually suffers from the unfavorable intracellular environment including cellular hypoxia and excessive glutathione (GSH). Comprehensive and long-term modulation of tumor intracellular environment is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes. However, current strategies do not enable such requirements, mainly limited by flexible networks of intracellular metabolic avenues.