Since the 1980`s, uncertainty in illness has been a main theme of research as well as an area needing assessment in clinical practice because the concept of uncertainty can be applied across diagnostic categories. In addition, with the development of instruments for measuring uncertainty in illness and the introduction of Uncertainty in Illness Theory (UIT) by Mishel, uncertainty has become distinguished as an area of interest in nursing research and clinical practice. UIT explains that how patients cognitively process illness-related events as stimuli and structure the meaning of those events. As a typical mid-range nursing theory, UIT can be easily applied in nursing research studies. Thus, the findings of studies derived from UIT may direct the evidence-based nursing practices for diverse nursing clients including patients and their families.