Bacteriophage therapy of urinary tract infections

The search for antibiotic alternatives, due to the growing level of antibiotic resistant microorganisms against the background of a decrease in the development and introduction of new antibiotics, draws our attention to bacteriophages (phages). The chapter briefly presents the history of bacteriophage therapy (phage therapy), the principles of phage treatment, modern knowledge about genetically engineered phages, phage lytic proteins – lysine and endolysins. Prospects of using phages in treatment of biofilm infection and joint use of phages and antibiotics are given. The mechanisms of resistance of bacteria to phages, the kinetics of phages in the human body during oral and rectal administration are described. Studies on the clinical use of phages are given, the problems of phage therapy and further prospects for the use of phages are discussed.