Analysis of astaxanthin molecular targets based on network pharmacological strategies

In order to further explore the potential pharmacological activity of astaxanthin (AST), network pharmacological approaches were employed in this work to systematically investigate its affinity targets, perturbed signaling pathways, and related disease applications. First, potential targets were captured based on AST chemical structure information. Enrichment analysis was then performed using bioinformatics tools to predict the biological processes and diseases in which AST targets are involved. The results suggest that AST is involved in steroid hormone metabolism, and the regulation of glucocorticoids may be one of the potential mechanisms of its known therapeutic effects on depression and insulin resistance. Molecular docking experiments confirmed that AST can form stable binding to several key nodes (SRD5A2, STS, AKR1C2, HSD11B1, and CYP17A1) in steroid hormone biosynthesis. More importantly, the molecular targets of AST were the most significantly associated with endometriosis. Functionally, grouped analysis of key therapeutic nodes was carried out by establishing the interaction network between drug targets and disease targets. While exerting inflammatory effects, the regulation of estrogen and other semiochemicals by targeting steroid metabolism may be the biological basis for the potential treatment of endometriosis with AST. This work provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the pharmacological mechanisms of AST and development of new therapeutic applications. Practical applications In this study, systematic pharmacological methods were used to identify the potential therapeutic effects and associated mechanisms of astaxanthin, providing a bioinformatics basis for further exploration of astaxanthin's new pharmacological properties in foods.