Advancements of biochips and their applications

There are two types of biochips, one, containing molecular microarrays which are constructed by the in\|situ chemical synthesis and off\|chip synthesis followed by robotic spotting respectively, is used to detect DNA sequences, screen gene mutations and polymorphisms, analysize the gene expression levels and differential expression of homogenous genes under various conditions; the other, containing structure microarrays which are fabricated by the standard etching technology adopted in electronic industries, is used to separate biological samples and amplify bio\|molecules. In this paper, the concepts, fabrications and applications of biochips are reviewed.