Simulation of Weld Depth in A—TIG Welding with Unified Arc—electrode model

Calculations have been made for weld depths occurring for TIG welding activated by a flux over the surface of the weld pool. In this case, the flux introduces an electrically insulating layer over the outer regions of the weld-pool surface. There is then an increase in the current density at the surface of the centre of the weld-pool with a consequent increase in the J×B forces, which drive a strong convective flow of the molten metal downwards, tending to make a deep weld. For a flux which produces an insulating layer for all but a central region of radius 2 mm, the calculated weld-depth is 7 mm, and an arc spot is predicted at the centre of the weld-pool surface. As yet we have not resolved the reason for significant differences that exist between our measurements of weld depth and the theoretical predictions.