Development of animal/ plant-based protein hydrolysate and its application in food, feed and nutraceutical industries: State of the art

Most countries are faced with animal by-products and depending on human nutritional needs for meat, which are growing annually. The optimal use of by-products has a direct impact on the environmental pollution and economy of each country. Failure to use or misuse the by-products not only leads to the loss of potential revenues but also increases the cost of disposal of these products and health problems. The aquatic, livestock, and poultry processing by-products have the potential to become useful products of higher value. It should also be borne in mind that regulatory requirements, traditions, and community culture are crucial for the safety and quality of food when using a livestock by-product for food. For this limitation, this paper, reports animal-derived hydrolyzed protein as a value-added product. Plants are also a good option for hydrolysis, but the lack of proper soil, unstable climatic conditions, and the presence of some anti-nutrients limit their worldwide use. According to the importance of the waste management in agriculture and animal farming, an overview of enzymatic hydrolysis of protein from livestock, poultry, aquatic by-products, and plants and a variety of its applications among food, pet feed, pharmaceutical, and other industries is highlighted in this review.