γ And β Band Oscillation in Working Memory Given Sequential or Concurrent Multiple Items: A Spiking Network Model

Working memory (WM) can maintain sequential and concurrent information, and the load enhances the γ band oscillation during the delay period. To provide a unified account for these phenomena in working memory, we investigated a continuous network model consisting of pyramidal cells, high-threshold fast-spiking interneurons (FS), and low-threshold nonfast-spiking interneurons (nFS) for working memory of sequential and concurrent directional cues. Our model exhibits the γ (30–100 Hz) and β (10–30 Hz) band oscillation during the retention of both concurrent cues and sequential cues. We found that the β oscillation results from the interaction between pyramidal cells and nFS, whereas the γ oscillation emerges from the interaction between pyramidal cells and FS because of the strong excitation elicited by cue presentation, shedding light on the mechanism underlying the enhancement of γ power in many cognitive executions.