Applications of carbon nanotube biosensors: Sensing the future

Nanomaterials have unique characteristics that make them very appealing for biosensing applications. Nano-scale biosensors used in illness detection, food evaluation, and in vivo measurements provide the benefits of rapid diagnosis, heightened sensitivity, and enhanced selectivity. Therefore, the use of biosensor technology is necessary in both the food and medical sectors. The unique thermal, electrical, chemical, and mechanical features of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make these structures extremely attractive agents for biosensor applications. CNTs are extensively researched for their potential use in many kinds of biosensors. Carbon nanotube-based sensors have been created for many purposes, including as electrochemical sensors for detecting cancer, glucose levels, bacteria, ensuring food safety, and monitoring the environment. Additionally, they are used as optical biosensors to detect bacteria and as free field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors for virus detection. This study aims to analyze the current progress made in the field of CNT biosensors, specifically their use with different receptors such as antibodies, DNA, enzymes, proteins, and other nanomaterials. The focus is on their usage in detecting various conditions, including cancer, viruses, bacteria, food quality assessment, and environmental monitoring.