Achieving Enhanced Sodium Storage Performance of Hard Carbon via Rational Modification of a Starch Precursor

). The superior performance of HC-10 originated from the optimal modification operation of DAP for corn starch, resulting in a balance between the formation of disordered phases and pore structures. On the one hand, the DAP facilitates the growth of the carbon layers during pyrolysis and affects the microinterlayer structure of HC, while it also accelerates the decomposition of the precursor as a catalyst and releases gas phase products, which further modulate the defects and pore structures of HC. This work provides a reference for the microstructural regulation of HC, paving the way for the development of biomass-derived anode materials with exceptional charge/discharge performance.