Asian consensus statement of experts on thermal ablation for secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is characterized by parathyroid hyperplasia, persistently elevated parathyroid hormone levels, and disturbances in mineral metabolism. Currently, a considerable amount of literature has consistently shown that thermal ablation is effective in maintaining parathyroid hormone levels within an appropriate range, normalizing calcium and phosphorus levels, improving clinical symptoms, and reducing the volume of parathyroid glands. However, there are currently no established guidelines regarding its utilization. The Asian consensus statement of experts on thermal ablation for SHPT in chronic kidney disease was jointly initiated by experts from China and Korea in the fields of nephrology, interventional ultrasound or radiology, thyroid surgery, ultrasound medicine, nuclear medicine, and diagnostic radiology—to formulate recommendations aimed at establishing standardized protocols for thermal ablation targeting the parathyroid glands. Based on the systematic review of literatures related to ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of parathyroid glands and the professional opinions of experts, the consensus statement covers the relevant content regarding thermal ablation treatment for SHPT, including indications, contraindications, pre-ablation evaluation, operational procedures, post-ablation follow-up, therapeutic effect evaluation, complications prevention and treatment. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, a total of 18 recommendations were given. This consensus statement will positively promote the standardization of ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of parathyroid glands.