A modified QuEChERS method coupled with GC–MS/MS for the rapid and simultaneous analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel brominated flame retardant residues in animal-derived foods

A simple, rapid, and efficient method was developed for simultaneous determination of 14 PBDEs and 10 NBFRs in animal-derived foods, utilizing gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) coupled with the QuEChERS sample preparation technique. The QuEChERS and GC–MS/MS parameters were carefully optimized for optimal performance. Animal-derived samples were extracted using 10 mL of n-hexane-saturated acetonitrile: Water (1,1, v /v) and purified with novel Z -Sep + sorbent. The optimized method demonstrated excellent linearity, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.997. Recovery rates for the target analytes in fish, chicken, pork, and beef ranged from 67.6 % to 104.8 %. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 3.2 to 62.9 ng/kg, while the limits of quantification (LOQ) varied from 10.7 to 207.6 ng/kg. This method was successfully applied to analyze 227 animal-derived food samples from markets in Guangzhou, China. The results demonstrated that the method is both effective and straightforward for analysis of PBDEs and NBFRs in complex food samples