Design and Dynamics Analysis of a Flapping-Wing Vehicle With Active Wing Twisting

This study presents a novel flapping-wing vehicle (FWV) with an active wing twisting mechanism, inspired by avian feather adaptations, to improve aerodynamic efficiency and stability. The mechanism, implemented via a conical rocket mechanism and crank-slider system, reduces drag, and optimizes thrust generation by aligning the wings with airflow during the downstroke and actively twisting them during the upstroke. A coupled flapping-twisting dynamic model is developed to guide the design, and a lightweight prototype is constructed with a bearing-supported cantilever system enabling controlled torsional motion. A series of aerodynamic force measurements and flight tests validate the design's effectiveness, showing a 22% reduction in power consumption and a significant increase in lift compared to conventional nontwisting wings. These findings highlight the potential of active wing twisting to enhance FWV performance in real-world applications, including urban surveillance, disaster response, and ecological monitoring.