Serum exosomal miR-141-3p and miR-3679-5p levels associated with endotype and postoperative recurrence in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Exosomes were involved in different inflammatory diseases, but their roles in CRSwNP were poorly explored. Method: We collected serum samples from 8 CRSwNP patients and 8 healthy controls (HC) and isolated their exosomes. MiRNA sequencing was performed for the exosome samples and differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. The top 3 differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs were confirmed in 2 validation cohorts, and their diagnostic values, predictive values for eosinophilic endotype, and recurrence were evaluated. Results: Distinctive serum exosomal miRNA profiles were observed between CRSwNP and HC groups. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results in the first validation cohort revealed that serum exosomal miR-141-3p levels were increased, and miR-18a-5p and miR-3679-5p levels were decreased in the CRSwNP group compared to the HC group. These 3 miRNAs were further validated in the second validation cohort, and the results showed that miR-141-3p levels were elevated and miR-3679-5p levels were reduced in the serum exosomes in the eosinophilic CRSwNP group in comparison with the non-eosinophilic CRSwNP group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves highlighted that exosomal miR-141-3p and miR-3679-5p exhibited promising values for predicting the eosinophilic endotype. The patients in the second cohort were followed up for 2 years, and categorized into recurrence and non-recurrence groups. The serum exosomal miR-141-3p levels were increased and miR-3679-5p levels were reduced in the recurrence group in comparison with the non-recurrence group. ROC curves and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed significant associations between the levels of exosomal miR-141-3p and miR-3679-5p and the risk of postoperative recurrence. Conclusions: This study identified unique miRNA expression patterns in serum exosomes of CRSwNP patients. Circulating exosomal miR-141-3p and miR-3679-5p emerged as novel biomarkers for diagnosing CRSwNP, predicting the eosinophilic endotype, and forecasting postoperative recurrence.