Advancements in biomass gasification and catalytic tar-cracking technologies

Biomass, heralded as sustainable “green coal”, plays a crucial role in energy conservation and achieving “dual carbon” objectives through clean conversion. This paper reviews advancements in biomass catalytic gasification, a technology pivotal for converting biomass to hydrogen-rich fuel and syngas. It highlights the efficiency gains afforded by various catalysts, including natural minerals, alkali metals, nickel-based compounds, zeolites, and rare earth-modified composites. The focus is on their influence on hydrogen output, syngas quality, and tar reduction. The synthesis of these insights paves the way for novel catalyst development and optimized gasification processes, hence advancing catalytic gasification technology toward more sustainable energy solutions.