Intra‐annual dynamics of soil and microbial C, N, and P pools in a Central Amazon Terra Firme forest

Abstract Background Tropical ecosystem functioning is influenced by seasonal fluctuations in precipitation, but the impact on soil nutrient cycling and microbial stoichiometry is not fully understood. Aim This study investigates the magnitude of intra‐annual fluctuations in nutrient availability and microbial biomass in a tropical forest soil by examining carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pools. Methods We analyzed the total, extractable, and microbial C, N, and P contents and their stoichiometry in Terra Firme Ferralsols, representative for the central Amazon basin. Results We observed intra‐annual variations in resource availability, particularly between wet and dry seasons. Despite relatively stable total C, N, and P stocks throughout the year, we observed a decrease in extractable organic C and available (Olsen) P and an increase in extractable N in the dry season compared to the wet season. Microbial biomass pools and stoichiometry also varied across sampling dates and soil depths: relative to microbial‐C and ‐N, microbial‐P decreased in both wet and dry season and increased in the transition from wet to dry season. Conclusions Our research highlights intra‐annual variation in nutrient pools, particularly dynamic microbial carbon and nutrient fractions, in weathered tropical forest soils.