OGC SO46 - Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Abstract Background Gastric cancer stands as a significant global health concern with high mortality rates urging urgent attention. This article comprehensively explores the epidemiology, anatomy, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment modalities, prevention strategies, and survival rates associated with gastric cancer. Notably, Helicobacter pylori infection, dietary choices, and intricate stomach anatomy play pivotal roles in disease development. Early detection, utilizing staging, grading, and genetic testing for personalized treatment approaches is emphasized. Treatment modalities encompass surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Prevention strategies involve lifestyle changes, and genetic counseling. Survival rates vary by stage, highlighting the need for individualized care. Method This comprehensive review was conducted by systematically analyzing a wide range of published literature on gastric cancer. The search strategy involved utilizing electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, with specific keywords including "gastric cancer," "stomach cancer," "epidemiology," "anatomy," "risk factors," "pathophysiology," "diagnosis," "treatment modalities," "prevention," and "survival rates." Results Risk Factors: Factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection, dietary choices, tobacco use, and genetic predispositions contribute to gastric cancer risk. Pathophysiology: Genetic alterations, chronic inflammation, and dysregulated signaling pathways drive the development of gastric cancer. Clinical Presentation: Symptoms vary & diagnosis involves a combination of methods, including endoscopy and molecular profiling. Treatment Modalities: Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Prevention Strategies: Prevention efforts focus on minimizing risk factors through lifestyle changes, screening, and genetic counseling. Survival Rates: Survival rates vary significantly by stage, ranging from 90-95% for stage 0 to less than 5% for stage IV Conclusion The intricate anatomy of the stomach plays a crucial role in disease localization, staging, and treatment planning, with genetic mutations and inflammation central to the pathophysiology. Early detection is underscored through clinical presentation and diagnosis processes, utilizing staging, grading, and genetic testing for personalized treatment approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Prevention strategies emphasize lifestyle changes and screening, while survival rates vary by stage, underscoring the need for individualized care. In conclusion, addressing gastric cancer requires a collaborative effort to reduce its impact and enhance outcomes on a global scale.