Characterization of the Specific Binding Between Aptamers and Cytochrome c With Pressure‐Assisted Capillary Electrophoresis Frontal Analysis

), and all three aptamers interacted with cyt c at 1:1 stoichiometry. Fluorescence titrations were performed to verify the effectiveness of the reference-free PACE-FA method. This study demonstrates that specific binding between biomolecules has different characteristics compared to nonspecific binding and that the PACE-FA method can be widely used in the evaluation of biological macromolecular interactions.