An electric-field-driven ferroelectric nanodomain structure and its multilevel data storage application

heterostructure demonstrates the best performance in increasing the domain radius with respect to electric pulse strength and duration. It shows at least three resistance states with a high switching ratio, making it a promising candidate for multilevel data storage applications. Additionally, the self-reversal rates of upward and downward domains differ and must be considered in designing and implementing multilevel data storage systems for stability and effectiveness. These findings reveal the potential of ferroelectric nanodomain structures for data storage and pave the way for nanotip-controlled artificial synapses.