Gynura japonica: A New Host of Apple Stem Grooving Virus and Chrysanthemum Virus B in China

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 105, No. 11Gynura japonica: A New Host of Apple Stem Grooving Virus and Chrysanthemum Virus B in China Previous DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseGynura japonica: A New Host of Apple Stem Grooving Virus and Chrysanthemum Virus B in ChinaYuchao Lai, Xinyang Wu, Lanqing Lv, Jiajia Weng, Kelei Han, Ziqiang Chen, Jianping Chen, Fei Yan, and Hongying ZhengYuchao Laihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2276-6723State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Xinyang WuState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Lanqing LvState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Jiajia WengState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Kelei HanState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Ziqiang ChenState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 100098, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Jianping ChenState Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Fei Yan†Corresponding authors: F. Yan; E-mail Address: [email protected], and H. Y. Zheng; E-mail Address: [email protected]https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0049-8588State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, and Hongying Zheng†Corresponding authors: F. Yan; E-mail Address: [email protected], and H. Y. Zheng; E-mail Address: [email protected]State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Yuchao Lai1 Xinyang Wu1 2 Lanqing Lv1 Jiajia Weng1 Kelei Han1 Ziqiang Chen1 3 Jianping Chen1 2 Fei Yan1 † Hongying Zheng1 † 1State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China 2College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China 3College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 100098, China Published Online:11 Nov 2021https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2512-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleGynura japonica (Thunb.) Juel (Asteraceae; syn: G. segetum [Lour.] Merr.) is an important perennial medicinal herb used in China for topical treatment of trauma injuries (Lin et al. 2003). It grows naturally in the southern provinces of China and is also sometimes cultivated. During 2018 to 2020, wild G. japonica plants exhibiting chlorotic spots and mosaic symptoms were observed in Zhejiang province, China. To identify the possible causal agents of the disease, a single symptomatic leaf sample was collected in August 2019 and sent to Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hangzhou, China) for next-generation sequencing (NGS). Total RNA extracted with TRIzol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) were subjected to high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform with PE150bp, and data analysis was performed by CLC Genomic Workbench 11 with default parameters (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). A total of 37,314,080 paired-end reads were obtained, and 11,785 contigs (961 to 10,964 bp) were generated and compared with sequences in GenBank using BLASTn or BLASTx. Of the total of 12 viral-related contigs obtained, one with a length of 6,442 nt mapped to the genomic RNA of apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) (MN495979), seven contigs with lengths ranging from 1,034 to 2,901 nt mapped to chrysanthemum virus B (CVB), and four mapped to broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), a virus that is known to infect G. procumbens (Kwak et al. 2017). To further confirm the presence of ASGV and CVB, primers were designed, and the complete nucleotide sequences of both viruses were amplified from the original NGS sample using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Tiosbio, Beijing, China). BLASTn analysis revealed that the complete 6,451-nt sequence of ASGV (GenBank accession no. MW259059) shared the highest identity (81.2%) with a Chinese isolate of ASGV from citrus (MN495979). The two isolates grouped with another Chinese isolate (from pear) in phylogenetic analysis. The predicted coat protein of the virus had the highest nucleotide sequence identity of 93.7% (96.2% amino acid sequence identity) with that of the Chinese ASGV isolate XY from apple (KX686100). The complete genomes of two distinct molecular variants of CVB (both 8,987 nt in length) were also obtained from this sample (GenBank accession nos. MW269552 and MW269553). They shared 86.8% nt identity with each other and had 81.1 and 82.1% identity to the only known complete sequence of CVB from chrysanthemum (AB245142). Ten additional wild G. japonica plants with mosaic symptoms were collected randomly during 2019 to 2020 from Hangzhou (n = 6) and Ningbo (n = 4) in Zhejiang province and tested by RT-PCR with specific primer pairs to detect BBWV2, ASGV, and CVB. RT-PCR and subsequent sequencing revealed that these three viruses were present in all the samples tested, indicating that coinfection of G. japonica by ASGV, CVB, and BBWV2 is common. CVB mainly infects chrysanthemum (Singh et al. 2012), whereas ASGV is known as a pathogen of various fruit trees, especially in the family Rosaceae, although there are recent reports that it can also infect some plants in Gramineae, Asparagaceae, and Nelumbonaceae (Bhardwaj et al. 2017; Chen et al. 2019; He et al. 2019). Our results provide the first report that Gynura is a natural host of CVB and ASGV. Further surveys and biological studies are underway to evaluate the importance of Gynura as a virus reservoir for epidemics among the various hosts.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Bhardwaj, P., et al. 2017. Trees (Berl.) 31:367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-016-1375-8 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarChen, Z. L., et al. 2019. Plant Dis. 103:1803. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-19-0414-PDN Link, Google ScholarHe, Z., et al. 2019. Plant Dis. 103:782. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-18-1626-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarKwak, H., et al. 2017. Plant Dis. 101:514. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-16-1413-PDN Link, Google ScholarLin, W. Y., et al. 2003. Planta Med. 69:757. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-42796 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarSingh, L., et al. 2012. Arch. Virol. 157:531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-011-1190-x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarFunding: This work was financially supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-24-C-04), Ningbo Science and Technology Public Welfare Project (202002N3063), National key research and development program of China (2019YFD1001800) and sponsored by K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 105, No. 11 November 2021SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionFoliar mottling and interveinal yellowing symptoms on melon leaves in the Central Valley of California (S. Mondal et al.). Photo credit: W. M. Wintermantel. Improved wheat plant growth in Pratylenchus neglectus infested soil by applying aldicarb at the time of planting (R. W. Smiley et al.). Photo credit: R. W. Smiley. Mosaic and feathery mottle on taro foliage caused by dasheen mosaic virus (C. Escalante et al.). Photo credit: R. A. Valverde. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 11 Jan 2022Published: 11 Nov 2021First Look: 28 Apr 2021Accepted: 26 Apr 2021 Page: 3770 Information© 2021 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingChina Agriculture Research SystemGrant/Award Number: CARS-24-C-04Ningbo Science and Technology Public Welfare ProjectGrant/Award Number: 202002N3063National key research and development program of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 2019YFD1001800K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo UniversityKeywordsapple stem grooving viruschrysanthemum virus Bbroad bean wilt virus 2Gynura japonicaThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF downloadCited byChrysanthemum virus B and chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid infect chrysanthemum in South Africa24 August 2022 | Australasian Plant Disease Notes, Vol. 17, No. 1Integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of leaves provides novel insights into the ethylene pathway of Chrysanthemum morifolium in response to a Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B11 November 2022 | Virology Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1Highly divergent isolates of chrysanthemum virus B and chrysanthemum virus R infecting chrysanthemum in Russia5 January 2022 | PeerJ, Vol. 10