One-pot synthesis of magnetic Prussian blue for the highly selective removal of thallium(I) from wastewater: Mechanism and implications

Thallium (Tl) often enters the environment via mineral exploitation and utilization. The main restriction of Tl removal is the interference of high concentrations of coexisting ions in wastewater, therefore, enhancing the selectivity for Tl is essential to its treatment. Magnetic Prussian blue particles (Fe 3 O 4 @PB), an ion-sieving material with an open structure, were synthesized through a “one-pot” method at room temperature for the highly selective removal of Tl + . The removal percentage of Tl + was over 92% even when the concentration of coexisting ions (e.g. Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Pb 2+ ) were 10,000 times higher than the initial concentration of Tl + . The maximal experimental removal capacity was 528 mg Tl/g Fe 3 O 4 @PB, and the removal percentage remained steady at pH 3–10. The high selectivity of Fe 3 O 4 @PB for Tl + is attributed to the fact that hydrated Tl + has a smaller hydrated diameter and a lower hydration free energy than other coexisting ions, while the rapid adsorption kinetics of Tl + results from the negative surface charge and the network of nanocapillaries of the Fe 3 O 4 @PB. Overall, a new low-cost material that is easy to synthesize and has superior Tl + removal capacity with extremely high selectivity for Tl + was obtained for effective magnetic removal of thallium from wastewater. • For the First time, PB@Fe 3 O 4 was synthesized through “one-pot” method at room temperature. • PB@Fe 3 O 4 shows targeted removal for Tl + even coexisting ions 10,000 times higher. • Maximal experimental removal capacity was 528 mg Tl/g PB@Fe 3 O 4 . • Thallium removal percentage (>99%) by PB@Fe 3 O 4 remained steady at pH 3–10. • Tl + decreased from 1000–3.94 µg/L within 10 min with the dosage of PB@Fe 3 O 4 of 200 mg/L.