Electric Field-Driven Nanoreactor Strategy for Rapid Fabrication of CRO Photocathodes toward Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution.

at 0.4 V versus RHE. More importantly, this approach demonstrates broad structural adaptability, enabling the successful deposition of three porphyrin-based CRO materials (CRO-DafTp, CRO-DfoTp, and CRO-SaTp) with comparable performance. This electric field-assisted micellar strategy provides a versatile, scalable, and green route toward high-quality COF films for practical photoelectrocatalytic applications.