Ether additive-induced electrolyte solvation reconfiguration for low-temperature aqueous potassium-ion batteries

Ether additive-induced solvation reconfiguration suppresses freezing and boosts low-temperature ionic conductivity in aqueous K-ion batteries. Triglyme disrupts hydrogen bonds between water molecules, partially replaces solvation water, and forms protective interphases. The cells achieve long life and stable operation at -30 °C, advancing low-temperature aqueous batteries.