Achieving broadband absorption and polarization conversion with a vanadium dioxide metasurface in the same terahertz frequencies

We present the bifunctional design of a broadband absorber and a broadband polarization converter based on a switchable metasurface through the insulator-to-metal phase transition of vanadium dioxide. When vanadium dioxide is metal, the designed switchable metasurface behaves as a broadband absorber. This absorber is composed of a vanadium dioxide square, silica spacer, and vanadium dioxide film. Calculated results show that in the frequency range of 0.52-1.2 THz, the designed system can absorb more than 90% of the energy, and the bandwidth ratio is 79%. It is insensitive to polarization due to the symmetry, and can still work well even at large incident angles. When vanadium dioxide is an insulator, a terahertz polarizer is realized by a simple anisotropic metasurface. Numerical calculation shows that efficient conversion between two orthogonal linear polarizations can be achieved. Reflectance of a cross-polarized wave can reach 90% from 0.42 THz to 1.04 THz, and the corresponding bandwidth ratio is 85%. This cross-polarized converter has the advantages of wide angle, broad bandwidth, and high efficiency. So our design can realize bifunctionality of broadband absorption and polarization conversion between 0.52 THz and 1.04 THz. This architecture could provide one new way to develop switchable photonic devices and functional components in phase change materials.