Inhibition of Oxyanions on Redox-driven Transformation of Layered Manganese Oxides

Layered manganese (Mn) oxides, such as birnessite, can reductively transform into other phases and thereby affect the environmental behavior of Mn oxides. Solution chemistry strongly influences the transformation, but the effects of oxyanions remain unknown. We determined the products and rates of Mn(II)-driven reductive transformation of δ-MnO 2, a nanoparticulate hexagonal birnessite, in the presence of phosphate or silicate at pH 6–8 and a wide range of Mn(II)/MnO 2 molar ratios. Without the oxyanions, δ-MnO 2 transforms into triclinic birnessite (T-bir) and 4 × 4 tunneled Mn oxide (TMO) at low Mn(II)/MnO 2 ratios (0.09 and 0.13) and into δ-MnOOH and Mn 3 O 4 with minor poorly crystallized α- and γ-MnOOH at high Mn(II)/MnO 2 ratios (0.5 and 1). The presence of phosphate or silicate substantially decreases the rate and extent of the above transformation, probably due to adsorption of the oxyanions on layer edges or the formation of Mn(II,III)-oxyanion ternary complexes on vacancies of δ-MnO 2, adversely interfering with electron transfer, Mn(III) distribution, and structural rearrangements. The oxyanions also reduce the crystallinity and particle sizes of the transformation products, ascribed to adsorption of the oxyanions on the products, preventing their further particle growth. This study enriches our understanding of the solution chemistry control on redox-driven transformation of Mn oxides.