An injectable hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin cross-linked gelatin-based hydrogel loaded bone mesenchymal stem cell for osteogenic and in vivo bone regeneration of femoral head necrosis

An injectable hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) cross-linking of gelatin (Gel) based hydrogel was embedded with BMSC in vivo bone regeneration of femoral head necrosis. This HPβCD-Gel hydrogel possesses quick gelation within 6 min; a high-water uptake resulted in faster biodegradation, high swelling, and a 3D porous network that strengthened its mechanical, surface, and morphological properties. The results indicated that BMSC showed high cell viability (>90%) during measurement; HPβCD-Gel hydrogels induced BMSC differentiation into osteocytes within 14 days more efficiently than the osteogenic medium. The HPβCD-Gel/BMSC hydrogels that were injected into the necrosis site of the femoral head in the vessels were measured for 2 weeks. In addition, the vessel density and mean vessel diameters increased in the next 2-8 weeks followed by increased new bone formation, according to the in vivo analysis. Overall, our findings show that this method is a promising strategy for improving femoral head necrosis bone regeneration.