Dietary Inflammatory Index score and prodromal Parkinson's disease incidence: The HELIAD study

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the inflammatory potential of diet with prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD) probability and incidence among community-dwelling older individuals without clinical features of parkinsonism at baseline. The sample consisted of 1,030 participants 65 years old or older, drawn from a population-based cohort study of older adults in Greece (Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet - HELIAD). We calculated pPD probability, according to International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society research criteria. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was used to measure the dietary inflammatory potential, with higher index score reflecting a more pro-inflammatory diet. Associations of baseline DII with pPD probability cross-sectionally, and with possible/probable pPD incidence (pPD probability ≥30%) during the follow-up period, were examined via general linear models and generalized estimating equations, respectively. Cross-sectionally, one unit increase of DII score [DII (min, max) = -5.83, 6.01] was associated with 4.9% increased pPD probability [β=0.049, 95%CI (0.025-0.090), p<0.001]. Prospectively, 62 participants developed pPD during 3.1±0.9 (mean±SD) years of follow-up. One unit increase in DII was associated with 20.3% increased risk for developing pPD [RR=1.203, 95%CI (1.070-1.351), p=0.002]. Participants in the highest tertile of DII score were 2.6 times more likely to develop pPD [β=2.594, 95%CI (1.332-5.050), p=0.005], compared to those in the lowest tertile. More pro-inflammatory diet was related with higher pPD probability and pPD incidence (pPD probability ≥30%) in a community-dwelling older adult population. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.