Profiling the pausing behaviour of EFL learners in real-time computer-aided writing: a multi-method case study

Abstract Technologically enhanced means and devices in language education and research have enabled an in-depth exploration of the dynamics of writing. This study investigated the pausing behaviour of eight Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners at the tertiary level in performing an online writing task. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a combination of methods and techniques, including keystroke logging, screen recording videos, think-aloud protocols, and stimulated recall interviews to establish a profile of each learner’s pausing behaviour. The learners’ pause profiles were extensively analyzed with a comparative focus on similarities and differences in EFL learners’ pausing behaviour across writing skill levels. Overall, the findings revealed a general tendency for the learners to pause most frequently at a low text unit level, i.e., the lexical level. More specifically, less-skilled writers tended to pause more frequently than more-skilled writers at lower-level text units, whilst more-skilled writers chose to make more strategic pauses to gain overall control of their writing. Furthermore, these findings help reveal the intricate self-monitoring patterns that undergird individual writer’s pausing behaviour and relate these patterns to self-monitoring awareness, writing knowledge and experience, and writing habit. This small-scale multi-method study offers a glimpse into how EFL learners at different skill levels would respond to a real-time online writing task by using resources at their disposal and under conscious monitoring. Methodologically, it adds empirical evidence to previous literature on researching the computer-aided writing process with computer-aided tools and considers productive complementation and triangulation across research approaches and paradigms.