地下水
水文学(农业)
含水层
环境科学
水土评价工具
地下水流
土壤科学
SWAT模型
地下水模型
地下水补给
理查兹方程
土壤水分
地质学
水流
岩土工程
流域
构造盆地
地貌学
地图学
地理
作者
Di Mu,Yihao Xun,Ya Gao,Dongyang Ren,Chen Sun,Xieyao Ma,Guanhua Huang,Xu Xu
摘要
Abstract Current hydrological models still face difficulties in accurately simulating vadose zone (VZ) hydrological processes in arid watersheds with shallow groundwater environments. Therefore, this article introduces a new mechanistic VZ module coupled with an improved groundwater‐balance (GWB) module to enhance the capabilities of the well‐known Soil Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model. The main improvements and features of the modified SWAT model (M‐SWAT) include: a numerical VZ module to accurately simulate soil water‐salt transport under variably saturated conditions by solving the head‐formed Richards' equation and advection‐dispersion equation; a GWB module (on a sub‐basin scale for shallow aquifer) coupled with VZ module by proposing an effective way of boundary information exchanges; and a more reasonable water‐salt stress functions (i.e., based on matric head and osmotic head) to calculate root water uptake and plant growth. The M‐SWAT was then tested and evaluated with two‐year observation data from the Yangchang canal command area (YCA, an experimental site) and the Jiyuan Irrigation System (Jiyuan, region‐scale), located in the arid upper Yellow River basin of northwest China. The model produced a good agreement between the simulated and observed data in both calibration and validation with sufficiently small root mean square error (RMSE). The determination coefficient ( R 2 ) was greater than 0.51, 0.36, and 0.87 in simulating the soil water‐salt dynamics, groundwater depth fluctuations, and leaf area index development, respectively. Case testing also proved that the M‐SWAT had sufficient computational efficiency and stability for regional application. Further comparisons with previous studies indicated that the M‐SWAT could more accurately and rationally simulate the soil water‐salt dynamics and their interactions in arid watersheds with shallow groundwater tables.
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