A Review of Fingerprint Sensors: Mechanism, Characteristics, and Applications

Identification technology based on biometrics is a branch of research that employs the unique individual traits of humans to authenticate identity, which is the most secure method of identification based on its exceptional high dependability and stability of human biometrics. Common biometric identifiers include fingerprints, irises, and facial sounds, among others. In the realm of biometric recognition, fingerprint recognition has gained success with its convenient operation and fast identif ication speed. Different fingerprint collecting techniques, which supply fingerprint information for fingerprint identification systems, have attracted a significant deal of interest in authentication technology regarding fingerprint identification systems. This work presents several fingerprint acquisition techniques, such as optical capacitive and ultrasonic, and analyzes acquisition types and structures. In addition, the pros and drawbacks of various sensor types, as well as the limits and benefits of optical, capacitive, and ultrasonic kinds, are discussed. It is the necessary stage for the application of the Internet of Things (IoT).