Muscle Visualization and Evaluation Methods for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myositis

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have fundamentally transformed the landscape of cancer therapy, yet their administration frequently correlates with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), amongst which myositis, an inflammatory disorder affecting the muscles, stands out. The prompt identification and thorough assessment of myositis associated with ICIs are imperative for effective therapeutic management and the enhancement of patient prognoses. In this report, we present a detailed evaluation of muscle function aimed at accurately diagnosing and appraising ICI-related myositis. Essential diagnostic methodologies, such as clinical evaluations, assessments of muscle strength, the analysis of laboratory biomarkers, electromyography (EMG), imaging modalities, and muscle biopsies, are scrutinized. The complexities involved in differentiating ICI-induced myositis from other autoimmune disorders, as well as non-autoimmune conditions, are thoroughly explored. A focused evaluation of muscle-specific factors is essential for refining diagnostic precision, optimizing patient management strategies, and establishing standardized protocols for assessment. By addressing these critical aspects, we can facilitate a more nuanced understanding of ICI-related myositis, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for patients affected by this condition. This comprehensive approach not only aids in the timely recognition of myositis but also contributes to the broader aim of maximizing the efficacy of immunotherapy in oncological settings.