Social isolation in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus—a path analysis

Background Due to aging, the use of antidiabetic drugs, and dietary restrictions following a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the social interactions of older adults with T2DM are often limited. As a result, this population experiences a higher incidence of social isolation than the general older adult population. This study aims to analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of social isolation among older adults with T2DM using a structural equation model. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and November 2023. A total of 496 older adults with T2DM were recruited from hospitals or community health service centers in Beijing to investigate their social isolation status and related factors. The Lubben Social Network Scale-6, along with related scales, was used for data collection. The effects of different factors on social isolation were determined using a path analysis. Results Among 496 older adults with T2DM, 227 reported social isolation, resulting in a prevalence rate of 45.77%. Activity of daily living, cognitive function, loneliness, exercise management, smoking, social support, and social participation are all directly related to social isolation. Additionally, six factors—activity of daily living, loneliness, depression, diet management, blood glucose monitoring, and social support—were related to social isolation through social participation. Conclusion The incidence of social isolation among older adults with T2DM is high. For them, activities of daily living, loneliness, and social support are significant factors in their social isolation since they are directly or indirectly related to social isolation. Meanwhile, diabetes self-management, such as diet management, exercise management, blood glucose management, and smoking, is directly or indirectly related to social isolation. For older adults with T2DM, the important intermediary role of social participation between the factors and social isolation should be given due attention.