Research Progress of Gold Nanoparticles in CRISPR-Cas12 Biosensing Diagnostic System

金(Au)是化学性质最稳定的元素之一，金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)是金的微小颗粒，以其独特的物理和化学特性，已成为纳米科技领域的明星材料。这些颗粒在药物递送、核酸检测和生物传感等领域的应用前景备受瞩目。特别是，AuNPs与CRISPR-Cas12a系统的结合，为开发新型高灵敏度生物传感器提供了新的思路。本文旨在综合评述CRISPR-Cas12a作用机制、AuNPs的特性及其在CRISPR-Cas12a生物传感应用的研究进展，以期为未来的生物检测技术发展提供参考。Gold (Au) is one of the most chemically stable elements, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are tiny particles of gold. Thanks to their unique physical and chemical properties, AuNPs have become a star material in the field of nanotechnology. These particles hold significant promise for applications in drug delivery, nucleic acid detection, and biosensing, among other areas. In particular, the combination of AuNPs with the CRISPR-Cas12a system provides new ideas for developing novel high-sensitivity biosensors. For example, colorimetric methods based on AuNPs and CRISPR-Cas12a allow for single-copy detection of SARS-CoV-2, while integration with SERS technology can achieve a detection limit of 50 fM. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the mechanism of CRISPR-Cas12a, the characteristics of AuNPs, and the research progress in their application to CRISPR-Cas12a biosensing, in order to offer a reference for the advancement of future bio-detection technologies.