Granuloma annulare and the risk of autoimmune conditions: a multicentre retrospective cohort analysis

Prior studies and case reports have postulated potential associations between granuloma annulare (GA) and various autoimmune conditions, but these relationships remain unclear. Using the TriNetX Research Network, we found that GA was significantly associated with an increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes mellitus, along with point estimates suggesting an increased risk of systemic sclerosis and uveitis. Overall, our study uses epidemiological data to provide valuable evidence supporting an increased risk of autoimmune disorders in people with GA.