The influence of metropolitan integration and type of HSR connections on developments around stations. The case of cities within one hour from Madrid and Paris

The paper discusses the influence of metropolitan integration and high-speed rail (HSR) connections on urban development around HSR stations situated at networks centred on the capital. This paper analyses HSR cities located up to 1 hour from the metropolitan centres of Madrid and Paris. New findings are presented concerning the development of HSR station surroundings, arriving at specific rules that include not only station locations and city characteristics but also the available types of HSR networks/services and distance from the metropolis. The paper also works to expand the discussion about the relevance of radial versus tangential relationships in urban and regional spatial planning.