Active vitamin D prevents podocyte injury via regulation of macrophage M1 and M2 phenotype in diabetic nephropathy rats

Objective To investigate the effect of active vitamin D(VD)on macrophage M1 and M2 phenotype and its role in protecting podocyte impairment in diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Diabetes mellitus rats were established by intraperitoneal injection with streptozocin.Rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal-1(NC-1,n=8),normal-2(NC-2,n=8,normal rats treated with calcitriol 0.1μg·kg-1·d-1by gavages),