China's sustainable economic development and improvement of corporate performance depend not only on the increase in the quantity of human capital, but more on the promotion of the efficiency of the stock of human capital. The essence of this issue is the institution of human capital property ownership that promotes the efficiency of human capital through stimulating the development of the human capital market. A quick establishment and completion of the human capital property ownership system to better human capital encouragement and to form a well-functioning human capital market for the purpose of improving human capital utility efficiency and allocative efficiency is an important aspect for the deepening of the institutional reform of China's economy and the fundamental driving force of the sustainable economic development.