Emerging Development of Microalgae-Containing Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications

At present, numerous microorganisms with high biosafety have been found and used to treat various human diseases. Among them, microalgae are abundant in nature and have simple construction. Moreover, living microalgae possess an inherent capability as a natural oxygenator through photosynthesis, offering superior O2-producing efficiency and light-controlled performance. Meanwhile, microalgae contain luxuriant active substances, such as carotenoids, chlorophyll, proteins, and fatty acids, that provide specific biological effects in medical applications. Additionally, these microalgae can be further modified or used together with multifarious materials to improve their biocompatibility and biological function, realizing perfect oxygen supply, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammation, and immunomodulatory effects via topical, oral, or intravenous administration. This Review summarizes the research progress and specific applications of microalgae-containing biomaterials in cancer therapy, skin wound healing, gastrointestinal disease treatment, and other human diseases, providing a theoretical basis for the availability of microalgae-containing biomaterials for biomedical applications.