In-Planta Tattoo and Kirigami Sensors for Moisture-Powered Monitoring of Vapor Pressure Deficit and Growth Dynamics

-based sensor exhibits high sensitivity to humidity (4.2 mV/% RH) and temperature (1.02%/°C), enabling accurate VPD estimation for over 10 days until leaf senescence. The eutectogel-based kirigami strain sensor, wrapped around the stem, offers a gauge factor of 1.5 and immunity to unrelated mechanical disturbances, allowing for continuous growth tracking for more than 20 days. Both sensors are fabricated via cleanroom-free, roll-to-roll compatible methods, underscoring their potential for large-scale agricultural deployment to monitor abiotic stress and improve crop management.