Associations between dimensions of self-regulation and health behaviour: factor analysis and predictive study

The underlying aspects of self-regulation (e.g. self-control, planning and executive function) and assessment methods are varied and may be differentially associated with behaviour. The aim of this study was to synthesise prevalent measures of self-regulation and identify the underlying factor structure to facilitate the assessment of self-regulation in behaviour. The secondary aim of this study was to assess the relevance of the identified factors of self-regulation across different behaviours. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the underlying factor structure of prevalent measures of self-regulation. Hierarchical multiple-regression analyses were used to assess the relevance of self-regulation to each behaviour. Australian adults (N = 692) completed a two-part online survey assessing self-regulation at time one, and engagement in one of four health behaviours and demographics at time two. Eight aspects underlying self-regulation were identified: Disorganisation, Coping planning, Task switching, Present orientation, Sensation seeking, Automaticity, Planning and Distractibility. Initiation aspects (e.g. Coping planning, Task switching and Planning) better predicted approach and unsupported behaviours. Inhibitory aspects (e.g. Disorganisation, Present orientation, Sensation seeking, Automaticity and Distractibility) better predicted avoidance and supported behaviours. Identifying the underlying factors of prevalent self-regulation measures may contribute to a more refined assessment and consensus across disciplines, and aid in understanding the role of self-regulation across behaviour types. But future research should clarify behavioural complexity categorisations to improve the synthesis and translation of findings across behaviour types.