Micro-transfer-printed up to 1.1-cm-long Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Mach-Zehnder Modulator Coupon

Over one-centimeter-long and pre-structure-defined thin-film lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulator is micro-transfer printed onto an alternative silicon platform. Owing to the extension of modulation interaction length, a Vπ of 3.2 V is achieved.