优势(遗传学)
激励
否决权
反感
经济
政治经济学
全球化
政治学
自由主义
贸易壁垒
国际经济学
功率(物理)
国际贸易
市场经济
政治
法学
生物化学
化学
物理
量子力学
基因
作者
Judith Goldstein,Robert Gulotty
标识
DOI:10.1017/s002081832000065x
摘要
Abstract The era of American leadership in the multilateral trading regime has ended. This paper argues that this current antipathy to trade is unsurprising: support for US leadership of the regime has always rested on a precarious balance among domestic interests. To overcome a historic bias in favor of home market production, American leaders created incentives for exporters to organize while creating roadblocks for import-competing firms and their employees. The dominance of the exporters’ voice had a significant influence on the policies the US pursued in the design and execution of the global trade regime. Most importantly, the absence of labor's voice undermined the prospect for “embedded liberalism” and instead resulted in an anemic system of adjustment for job loss at home and limited support for worker interests within the regime. While policymakers’ decision to shift power away from potential “veto” groups may have been necessary for US leadership of the Liberal International Order, this institutional design undermined a robust response to the economic dislocation thought to be a result of globalization. The result was a fracturing of the coalition in support of American leadership in the GATT/WTO regime.
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