Temporal Network Analysis of Bedtime Procrastination and Depression Among Adolescents: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

= 0.09). Positive associations were consistent at the between-person level. Overall, this study characterizes the symptom-to-symptom associations between depression and bedtime procrastination at both the within- and between-person levels, with notable sex differences. For males, sleep difficulties and worries were key factors, while for females, concentration issues and fatigue played a more significant role.