Reinforcing the function of bone graft via the Ca-P ceramics dynamic behavior-enhanced osteogenic microenvironment for optimal bone regeneration and reconstruction

Bone tissue engineering is one of the most potential strategies in treating bone defect. However, implantation failure caused by the loss of biological activity has always been a difficulty in clinical transformation, resulting from the numerous cells death after implantation. Therefore, it is a burdensome challenge to design bone grafts with biological function adaptability. In this paper, we report a means to construct dynamically functional bone grafts (DFBGs) with Ca/P ceramics based on mechanical field drive-coupling and mechanobiology theory. In this study, the osteogenic microenvironment and cell functional activity are optimized by micro-vibration (MV) external field drive-coupled with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic, so that the DFBGs are endowed with optimal bone regeneration ability. The test results show that DFBGs have higher osteogenic differentiation ability and mechanical adaptability. The calcium release of BCP ceramics and the activation of calcium channels of cells are enhanced under MV field, thus the osteogenic potential of DFBGs is further up-regulated. The application results show that DFBGs system has excellent efficacy in guiding bone regeneration and the amount of new bone formation is about 35% higher than that of bone grafts (BGs) under static environment after implanted for 1 week, indicating expectable application prospect in treating bone defects.